This module begins with a focus on how management creates estimates, then allows participants to put themselves in management’s role to create an estimate using their chosen method. After learning about the four available approaches for auditing estimates, including a discussion of how analytical vigilance and data-driven problem-solving could factor into both estimate creation and auditing, participants work together in groups to “audit” one another’s estimates. The module closes with hands-on activities focused on examples of auditing estimates commonly encountered by auditors.